A two-dimensional hyperspectral imaging system for imaging a plurality of light signals of a sample by Fourier spectroscopy includes a first optical element, a second optical element, a phase difference modulator and an image sensor. The light signals pass by the first optical element. The second optical element is spaced away from and parallel to the first optical element, and the light signals pass by the second optical element. The phase difference modulator is closer to the first optical element than the second optical element to the first optical element, and configured for modifying a phase difference of adjacent two of the light signals. The image sensor is configured for receiving the light signals reflected from the first optical element and the second optical element, and operating Fourier transforming on the light signals. The second optical element is between the first optical element and the image sensor |