In a reflective and scanning coherent diffraction imaging method and system, a two-dimensional photodetector detects the diffracted coherent light beams irradiated on a plurality of scanning positions of a sample under test and then reflected by the sample under test so as to obtain multiple two-dimensional diffraction data distributions. A processor transfers the two-dimensional diffraction data distributions into multiple two-dimensional intensity distributions in the reciprocal space using Fourier transformation, performs multiple generations of calculations based on a sample function, a light source function and the two-dimensional intensity distributions to obtained a reconstructed sample function, wherein, in each generation of calculations, multiple iteration calculations are performed according to a unique specific group order of the two-dimensional intensity distributions, and generates a three-dimensional reconstructed image of the surface topography of the sample under test based on the reconstructed sample function using a three-dimensional drawing application, thereby realizing there-dimensional image reconstruction with relatively higher accuracy and authenticity. |